Colombia is very biodiverse, which gets also represented on the Colombian relief. In Colombia you can find different kinds of reliefs. Mountains, plains and valleys.
Mountains:
The Andes mountains:
They start in Argentina and end in Venezuela, in Colombia these mountains enter through the south on the border with Ecuador. Then they get divided into three, the western, the middle and the eastern part.
The western Part:
The place where it starts is called el nudo de los pastos and the place where it ends is called el nudo de paramillo. This mountain range has an extension of 1200 km (745 miles) with an average height of 2000m. Its highest place is 4750m (15500 ft) above sea level and it’s called the Chile volcano.
The middle Part:
It starts in el nudo de los pastos too, but it ends on the Caribbean plane. It has an extension of 1000 km (620 miles) and has an average height of 3000m. You can also find heights of 5000 m over sea level, like el Nevado del Huila or the Galeras volcano. This mountain range is very productive and it is where most of the coffee of the land gets produced.
It starts in el nudo de los pastos too, but it ends on the Caribbean plane. It has an extension of 1000 km (620 miles) and has an average height of 3000m. You can also find heights of 5000 m over sea level, like el Nevado del Huila or the Galeras volcano. This mountain range is very productive and it is where most of the coffee of the land gets produced.
The eastern Part:
It is the longest one with an extension of 1200km, being geologically the youngest and the widest one. It starts on the Macizo Colombiano and ends in the Guajira peninsula. It is important to say that the Colombian capital, Bogotá is located here. The highest place is el nevado del cocuy being 5380 m above the sea level.
The inter-Andean valleys
They divide the mountain ranges and are accompanied by rivers that normally generate them. In Colombia, these valleys are very fertile and are very productive. The are three important valleys, the Magdalena, the Cauca and the Atrato ones.
Plains
The plains represent 67% of the country. The whole western zone and some of the north and eastern zones of the country are plains. You can find 4 important plains in Colombia:
The Amazon plains
It is located between the Guaviare river, The Amazon river, the eastern mountain range and Brazil. It has an area of 380000 km2 where you mostly find tropical rainforests. Because of this it is full of rivers. This is also one of the most biodiverse zones of the whole planet.
It is the longest one with an extension of 1200km, being geologically the youngest and the widest one. It starts on the Macizo Colombiano and ends in the Guajira peninsula. It is important to say that the Colombian capital, Bogotá is located here. The highest place is el nevado del cocuy being 5380 m above the sea level.
The inter-Andean valleys
They divide the mountain ranges and are accompanied by rivers that normally generate them. In Colombia, these valleys are very fertile and are very productive. The are three important valleys, the Magdalena, the Cauca and the Atrato ones.
Plains
The plains represent 67% of the country. The whole western zone and some of the north and eastern zones of the country are plains. You can find 4 important plains in Colombia:
The Amazon plains
It is located between the Guaviare river, The Amazon river, the eastern mountain range and Brazil. It has an area of 380000 km2 where you mostly find tropical rainforests. Because of this it is full of rivers. This is also one of the most biodiverse zones of the whole planet.
The Pacific plains
It is just 83170 km2 and it extends from the Urabá gulf to the border with Ecuador. It isn’t very useful for farming, but you can find different species of plants and animals.
The Caribbean plains
They are 142.000 km2 big and it extends form the foothill of the three mountain ranges (the eastern, the middle and the western part) to the Atlantic coast.
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta:
Located near the Caribbean coasts and with a triangular pyramid form has a surface of 17000 km2. The north side limits against the Caribbean Sea, being this the highest mountain to limit with the sea. Its highest peak (called Cristobal Colón) is also the highest peak in Colombia, being 5700 m (18700 ft.) over the sea level.
It is just 83170 km2 and it extends from the Urabá gulf to the border with Ecuador. It isn’t very useful for farming, but you can find different species of plants and animals.
The Caribbean plains
They are 142.000 km2 big and it extends form the foothill of the three mountain ranges (the eastern, the middle and the western part) to the Atlantic coast.
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta:
Located near the Caribbean coasts and with a triangular pyramid form has a surface of 17000 km2. The north side limits against the Caribbean Sea, being this the highest mountain to limit with the sea. Its highest peak (called Cristobal Colón) is also the highest peak in Colombia, being 5700 m (18700 ft.) over the sea level.
Conclusion
In Colombia you will find different types of heights, from the sea level to 5700 m.
In Colombia you will find different types of heights, from the sea level to 5700 m.
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